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In outdoors, there are several factors that cause colours to fade and/or change, including:

1. Ultraviolet (UV) rays: Exposure to direct sunlight can cause the breakdown of dye molecules in fabrics, paints, ink and other materials, leading to fading and change in colour.
2. Heat: High temperatures can also accelerate the breakdown of dyes and pigments, causing colours to fade and/or change.
3. Moisture: Exposure to moisture, including rain, snow, and humidity, can also lead to colour fading and changes.
4. Pollution: Environmental pollutants, such as exhaust fumes and industrial emissions, can also contribute to colour fading and damage.
5. Chemical exposure: Exposure to certain chemicals, such as bleaches and cleaning agents can cause colour to fade and/or change.
6. Mold and mildew growth: HUmidity and moisture can cause mold and mildew ro grow on outdoor materials. This can cause discolouration and stain the materials.
7. Oxidation: Exposure to the elements, particularly oxygen, can cause some material to oxidize and change colour. This is particularly trueof some metals like copper and bronze.
8. Acid Rain: Acid rain contains high level of sulphuric and nitric acid, which can cause discolouration and staining of outdoor materials.

It is important to note that different materials may be more or less susceptible to colour fading and damage from these factors. Additionally, certain colours may be more prone to fading than others, such as reds and blues which have a tendency to fade faster than other colours.

Lastly, the severity of discolouration and staining can vary depending on several factors such as the materials used, geographical location and level of exposure to the elements.